Te Pūmahana Whakamatao i roto i ngā Pouaka Whakamatao Waka: Te Ngākau o te Whakamatao Whai Hua i a koe e Haere Ana

I ngā haerenga rori hou, i ngā haerenga ki waho o te rori, tae noa ki ngā haerenga ki ia rā, ngā pouaka whakamātao motukakua waiho hei taputapu tino nui mō te pupuri i te kai me te inu kia matao. Mai i ngā haerenga tawhiti ki te hikoi me te puni, he tino whai hua ēnei taputapu whakamatao kawe. Heoi, ko te hauhautanga kei te ngako o tētahi pūnaha whakamatao - ahakoa he taputapu kāinga, he pouaka whakamātao motuka rānei. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e mātou te tūranga o ngā pouaka whakamātao i roto i ngā pouaka whakamātao motuka, ngā momo pouaka whakamātao me ō rātou pānga ki te taiao.

 

He aha te mea he hauhautanga?

Ko te hauhautanga he matū, he ranunga rānei e whakamahia ana i roto i te huringa whakamatao e mimiti ana i te wera mai i tētahi wāhi ka tukuna ki tētahi atu. I roto i ngā kupu māmā, he mea nui ngā hauhautanga i roto i te tukanga whakamatao. Ka taea e rātou te whakawhiti i waenga i te wai me te hau, ka mimiti pai i te wera me te pupuri i te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana i roto i te pouaka whakamātao. He rite tēnei tukanga ki te whakamatao o tō whare e te hauhautanga kāinga, engari ka mahi i runga i te pouaka whakamātao waka iti ake.

He iti te pāmahana kohua o ngā pouaka whakamātao, arā, ka taea e rātou te whakawhiti ngāwari i waenga i te āhua wai me te āhua hau. Mā tēnei ka taea e rātou te mimiti pai i te wera me te pupuri i te pāmahana i roto i te pouaka whakamātao o te motuka. Ko te whai huatanga o te pouaka whakamātao o te motuka e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te pouaka whakamātao, tae atu ki tōna kaha ki te mimiti me te tuku i te wera, te pēhanga me ngā taumata pāmahana, me tōna haumaru mō te kaiwhakamahi me te taiao.

 

Ngā momo pouaka whakamātao e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pouaka whakamātao motuka

Mō ngā tau maha, he mea nui te mahi a ngā hauhautanga i roto i ngā pūnaha whakamatao, tae atu ki ngā pouaka whakamātao o ngā motuka. He rerekē te hanganga matū o ngā momo hauhautanga, te pai o te whakamatao, me te pānga ki te taiao. Ko ngā momo hauhautanga e whai ake nei e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te mākete pouaka whakamātao o ngā motuka o nāianei.

 

R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane)

Ko te R-134a tētahi o ngā hauhautanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā pouaka whakamātao waka me ngā pūnaha hauhautanga waka. He hauhautanga freon-based (HFC) i whakaurua mai i te tīmatanga o te tekau tau atu i 1990 hei whakakapi mō te R-12, i kitea he kino ki te paparanga ozone i taua wā. Ahakoa he iti ake te kino o te R-134a ki te paparanga ozone, he nui tonu te kaha whakamahana ā-ao (GWP), ko te tikanga mēnā ka tukuna ki te hau, ka pā tonu ki te huringa āhuarangi.

 

Ngā Painga o te R-134a:

He pai te mahi whakamatao.

Kāore he paitini, kāore hoki e mura.

He whānui te whakamahinga, ā, he iti te utu.

 

Ngā ngoikoretanga o te R-134a:

He teitei te GWP, ehara i te kōwhiringa pai mō te taiao.

Kāore i te tino whai hua i ētahi atu hauhautanga hou, ā, me whakamahi pea i tētahi pūwero nui ake hei whakatutuki i te pānga whakamatao ōrite.

 

R-600a (isobutane)

Ko te R-600a, e mōhiotia ana ko te isobutane, he hauhautanga hauwai tūturu kua piki haere te rongonui i ngā tau tata nei nā te iti o tōna pānga ki te taiao. Ki te whakatauritea ki te R-134a, he iti rawa te GWP o te R-600a, ā, he pai ake te penapena pūngao, he mea pai mō ngā pūnaha whakamatao kawe, tae atu ki ngā pouaka whakamātao motuka.

 

Ngā Painga o te R-600a:

He tino iti te GWP, kāore he kino ki te paparanga ozone.

He pai ake te whai hua i ngā pouaka whakamātao HFC.

He mea hanga māori, he mea pai ake mō te taiao.

 

Ngā ngoikoretanga o te R-600a:

He tino mura, me āta whakahaere me ngā tikanga haumaru motuhake.

Kāore e hototahi ana ngā pūnaha pouaka whakamātao katoa, ā, me whakahou pea ngā taputapu tawhito.

 

R-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene)

He hauhautanga hou te R-1234yf, kua arohia e te iwi mō tōna GWP iti. He hauhautanga fluoroolefin (HFO) tēnei, he otinga whakamatao o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei. Kua hangaia te R-1234yf hei whakakapi i te R-134a i roto i ngā pūnaha hauhautanga motuka, ā, kei te haere mārire hoki ki te mākete pouaka whakamātao motuka.

 

Ngā Painga o te R-1234yf:

He tino iti te GWP (he iti iho i te R-134a).

Kāore he paitini, kāore hoki e mura i raro i ngā tikanga mahi noa.

He pai te whai hua o te pūngao.

 

Ngā ngoikoretanga o te R-1234yf:

He nui ake te utu i te R-134a me te R-600a.

He iti noa iho te mekameka tuku me te hanganga whakatika o nāianei.

Ki te kore e tika te whakahaere, he pānga tonu ki te taiao.

 

R-290 (Pōpana)

Ko te R-290, te propane rānei, tētahi atu hauhautanga hauwaiwai e whakamahia ana i roto i ētahi pouaka whakamātao waka. He rite ki te R-600a, he iti rawa te pānga ki te taiao, ā, he tino iti hoki te GWP. Ahakoa e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha pouaka whakamātao arumoni, kei te piki haere te rongonui o tēnei hauhautanga i roto i ngā otinga pouaka whakamātao iti kawe, inā koa ngā pouaka whakamātao waka.

 

Ngā Painga o R-290:

He tino iti te GWP, he kōwhiringa pai mō te taiao.

Te mahi whakamatao whai hua.

He iti te utu, ā, he whānui te wātea.

 

Ngā ngoikoretanga o te R-290:

He tino mura, e whakawhāiti ana i tōna whakamahinga i ētahi mahi, e hiahiatia ana ngā tikanga haumaru tino kaha.

E hiahiatia ana he taputapu motuhake me ngā tikanga whakahaere.

 

Ngā Pānga Taiao o ngā Pouaka Whakamātao

I te mea ka nui haere te kino o te huringa āhuarangi me te hekenga o te taiao, kua noho te pānga o ngā hau whakamatao ki te mahana o te ao hei take nui mō te umanga whakamatao. Ko ngā hau whakamatao e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha whakamatao (tae atu ki ngā pouaka whakamātao motuka) kua noho hei puna nui o ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi nā te mea he nui te GWP me te āhua o te turuturu ki te āhuarangi.

I te aroaro o tēnei pēhanga, Tikanga kei te mahi ia ki te whakaiti i tōna tapuwae waro. Kei te whakamahia te R600a i roto i ngā pouaka whakamātao hou DC21DRW me DC28DRWHei whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao, kei te neke haere te whakamahinga o ngā hauhautanga ki te GWP iti, ā, kei te whakapai tonu hoki te whai huatanga o te pūngao o ngā pūnaha. Ko ngā hauhautanga pēnei i te R-600a, te R-1234yf me te R-290 kei te noho hei whakakapi pai mō ngā hauhautanga tuku iho nā te mea he iti te pānga ki te taiao, ā, he nui ake te whai huatanga o te pūngao.

Heoi, he mea tika kia mōhiotia ahakoa he iti ake te pānga o ēnei hauhautanga ki te taiao, tera pea ka pā tonu ki te taiao mena kāore i te tika te whakahaere, i te whakakorenga rānei i te huarahi tika. Nō reira, me arotahi ngā kaihanga me ngā kaihoko ki ngā tikanga whakahaere, tiaki me te whakakorenga tika.

 

Whakamutunga

He mea nui te hauhautanga i roto i te pouaka whakamātao waka ki tōna mahi, tōna whai huatanga, me tōna pānga ki te taiao. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau, me te kaha haere o ngā ture taiao, ka kore e taea te karo i te neke ki ngā hauhautanga iti-GWP pērā i te R-600a, te R-1234yf, me te R-290. Ehara i te mea ka pai ake te whai huatanga o te pūngao o ēnei hauhautanga, engari ka āwhina hoki ki te whakaiti i te tapuwae waro o ngā pūnaha pouaka whakamātao waka. Ka aro tonu ngā pouaka whakamātao waka o muri mai ki ngā otinga e pai ana ki te taiao, e whai hua ana, e ngāwari ana hoki te whakamahi.

Mā te mārama ki ngā momo hauhautanga rerekē e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā me ō rātou pānga ki te taiao me te mahi, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whakatau whai whakaaro nui ake, ā, ka whai wāhi atu ki tētahi heke mai pumau ake.